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Measuring the “Health” of Buildings

The pandemic has forced us to rethink countless aspects of our lives, including the buildings we spend our days inhabiting. Social distancing requirements and efforts to reduce virus transmission in indoor environments demand that “healthy buildings” be a top priority for the real estate industry. But what constitutes a healthy building, and what are the differences between various building types? And what is the best way to quantify, track and compare the relative health of buildings? Offices spaces, hotels and even residential properties will want to find ways to differentiate themselves and quickly communicate their health and safety attributes to their respective occupants and consumers.

Healthy Buildings

According to Harvard researchers Joseph Allen and John Macomber, healthy buildings can help drive the performance and productivity of occupants while also supporting their health and well-being. Since indoor environmental quality can be tied to occupant productivity, the pandemic may produce a new quantifiable economic benefit to businesses inhabiting healthy buildings.

Healthy Building Certifications

Since the science and intricacies of how buildings relate to different aspects of our health is relatively new, communicating it as value-added cost may be tricky. However, the industry is not starting from ground zero. The U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a third-party rating system developed to quantify and communicate information about building energy and environmental footprint and its impact on occupants and surrounding communities. Now, similar building “wellness” certifications have been created to focus on measuring and capturing information about the building system’s impact on human health.

For example, WELL is a performance-based system for measuring, certifying and monitoring features of the developed environment that impact human health and wellness. WELL is managed and administered by the International WELL Building Institute™ (IWBI™), a public benefit corporation whose mission is to help communities thrive through the built environment. WELL was founded on medical and scientific research and explores how to optimize design, operations and behaviors in the places we live and work. It measures how buildings connect to and can better serve their occupants using seven factors: air, water, nourishment, light, fitness, comfort and mind.

Fitwell, a competitor of WELL, addresses similar building health factors. It uses a point-based rating system of scorecards evaluating not only the individual site, but also the surrounding community. The scorecards include over 55 evidence-based design and operational strategies that enhance buildings by addressing a broad range of health factors and risks.

Such wellness certifications may better communicate long-term benefits and help instill confidence in returning occupants.

Office Space

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released an updated COVID-19 Employer Information guide for office buildings on Sept. 11, 2020. Its message: “Check the building health to see if it’s ready for occupancy” by checking building operating systems. This, however, is only half the problem. What about how best to return the occupants to the building?

In response, many companies are upping their baseline square footage per employee to better ensure social distancing. This need for additional employee space will perhaps counterbalance the decreased demand for urban offices. While tech companies were at the forefront of allowing employees to work remotely, as the vice president of Amazon’s work force development articulated, they are betting “… talent attracts talent, and we believe that the creative energy of cities like New York will continue to attract diverse professionals from around the world.” Director of Development at TMG Partners David Cropper’s sentiments reflect a similar mindset. For TMG Partners, not much has changed as they keep their formula for success simple: ensure tenant occupants are ready to return and viable to meet rent, keep loans current, and be ready to pivot if the pandemic truly brings sustained long-term changes to urban office space demand.

Regardless of gross demand, going forward, tenants with the benefit of leverage will expect buildings to better address health impacts and seek evidence of better air quality and filtration, outside air circulation, touchless systems and other “smart features” as standard offerings. The pandemic has ensured that many “smart” building features that put health and safety concerns of indoor environments at the forefront will become the status quo.

But what happens when landlords do not take proactive steps to address minimizing health risks to occupants? Denise Kruger, senior vice president at Golden State Water Company, oversees over 30 offices in California, 12 of which are multitenant sites. In some instances, the burden fell on the company to implement change to promote safe re-occupancy by adopting internal policies. Examples of policies include promoting utilization of stairs (if possible), instituting one-way routes in certain office hallways to enable social distancing, ensuring single occupancy in elevators, separating open areas with partitions, installing HEPA filters and closing common areas.

Hotels and Safe Escapes

Travel restrictions associated with COVID-19 have caused people to cancel, adjust and reprioritize the ideal vacation. Many are selecting closer-to-home destinations to avoid air travel. This translated to a sales boom for RVs or recreational vehicle and camper van companies. Hotel and resorts that enable outdoor access have also been particularly sought after. Matt Walker, executive vice president of Lowe, notes the company’s long-held approach of acquiring and developing unique assets offering “authentic” lifestyle experiences aligns particularly well with the times. Lowe’s hotels, like other product types, of course have had to accommodate new health guidance and regulations including shifting away from daily maid service, and transferring to mobile phone “check-in,” to reduce nonessential face-to-face interaction between guests and staff. Not surprisingly, hotels with restaurants already offering outdoor terraces are retrofitting terraces to be even more expansive. Meeting areas are also moving outdoors.

Residential Properties

The pandemic is forcing developers to not only address health concerns, but rethink how they market their products and showcase a building’s health. The new health emphasis is seen in the results of a national home study that was conducted in late April of this year. Nancy Keenan, president of Dahlin Group, was one of the home development experts that co-sponsored the survey. The survey ranks design preferences in light of COVID-19. Top priorities include: germ-resistant countertops and flooring; greater technology and better energy efficiency; more storage for food and water; touch-free faucets, smart appliances and toilets; and better equipped kitchens and home offices.

The study also found a marked increase in people prioritizing home ownership, of which 72% would ideally purchase single-family homes. The messaging is clear: people in the fortunate position of choice would select larger living spaces and more access to outdoor living areas. The shift away from the rental market can be seen in the increases in rental vacancies. In New York, the vacancy rate is 5.1% in 2020, which is up 3% compared to 1.95% in 2019. In San Francisco, vacancies are 20% in 2020 (which is a 15% increase from 5% in 2019) and in Denver, it’s currently 6.42%.

According to Kati Blum, development director at East West Partners, their multifamily resort residences in less-dense suburban areas have also been doing well. Their product typically includes large porches and she foresees offering a variety of additional space options, such as home offices, extra dens, upgraded air systems and enhanced ease of stairway use.

Given the scale and toll of COVID-19, it is not unreasonable to anticipate many of these preferences and design elements will leave a lasting mark on our design aesthetic, architecture and built environment as a whole.

100 Responses

  1. As Joseph Allen and John Macomber noted in their Book Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity, Ventilation is Foundation #1. Bringing more of the outside inside allows for a healthier environment. Measuring and controlling that ventilation ensures you provide what you need under various operating parameters.

    This is especially important during the pandemic keeping potential aerosols from building up in the space. The emphasis has been build tight buildings and reduce ventilation in order to save energy, which as an operating cost is insignificant when compared to health and productivity benefits. This has lead to systems that barely meet minimum requirements that do not allow for enhancements when we need them now. So managers and operators are forced to look for quick fix solutions. Beware that many promote killing or inactivating the virus without independent scientific or industry organization evidence or agreement. Dilution through ventilation is a century old solution.

  2. Liverpool Abu Dhabi might be aimed towards serve with the help of highly standardised facilities relief and vacuuming solutions because of small towards mid spectrum and business enterprise and businesses all over the UAE. We’ve found specialised vacuuming staff, trained in using vacuuming tools and / or equipments specified to advertisement use not to mention ensure they already have a good expertise in the renewable and ergonomical vacuuming process.

  3. I hope this should be made as a protocol to before making any building projects. It would be safer and it would make a project credible as well. 😀

  4. The pandemic has ensured that many “smart” building features that put health and safety concerns of indoor environments at the forefront will become the status quo.

  5. Offices spaces, hotels and even residential properties will want to find ways to differentiate themselves and quickly communicate their health and safety attributes to their respective occupants and consumers.

  6. In some instances, the burden fell on the company to implement change to promote safe re-occupancy by adopting internal policies. Just my thoughts.

  7. The emphasis has been build tight buildings and reduce ventilation in order to save energy, which as an operating cost is insignificant when compared to health and productivity benefits.

  8. This need for additional employee space will perhaps counterbalance the decreased demand for urban offices. While tech companies were at the forefront of allowing employees to work remotely

  9. Since indoor environmental quality can be tied to occupant productivity, the pandemic may produce a new quantifiable economic benefit to businesses inhabiting healthy buildings..

  10. There health protocols that should be obserevd. It is also discipline that will make the public safe. Thank you for this information.

  11. This is such an important yet neglected safety area. For residences and commercial buildings alike. I appreciate you covering this topic. We daily are going into homes and office buildings checking for things like asbestos, mold, and lead, but there are so many other threats to safety like structural integrity and so on.

  12. Excellent points. I just bought a home and didnt realize that a nearby tree had roots that were threatening the foundation of my home. We have to look inside to really measure the health of buildings, homes, and offices in general.

  13. It still amazes me how much covid has impacted and influenced how we approach building and construction. The differences are sure to be long term and going to become normal. Interesting to see how design and structural builds evolve with time.

  14. Since the science and intricacies of how buildings relate to different aspects of our health is relatively new, communicating it as value-added cost may be tricky. However, the industry is not starting from ground zero.

  15. Their product typically includes large porches and she foresees offering a variety of additional space options, such as home offices, extra dens, upgraded air systems and enhanced ease of stairway use.

  16. “Given the scale and toll of COVID-19, it is not unreasonable to anticipate many of these preferences and design elements will leave a lasting mark on our design aesthetic, architecture and built environment as a whole.”

    That is what I believe, too. COVID-19 is leaving a lasting mark on society in general, too.

  17. This is a great article! I have found a lot of similar information on Metal roofing that explains about roofing.

  18. Travel restrictions associated with COVID-19 have caused people to cancel, adjust and reprioritize the ideal vacation. Many are selecting closer-to-home destinations to avoid air travel.

  19. The U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a third-party rating system developed to quantify and communicate information about building energy and environmental footprint and its impact on occupants and surrounding communities.

  20. It is not unreasonable to anticipate many of these preferences and design elements will leave a lasting mark on our design aesthetic, architecture and built environment as a whole.

  21. Similar building “wellness” certifications have been created to focus on measuring and capturing information about the building system’s impact on human health.

  22. Similar wellness construction buildings with certifications are being made to concentrate on measuring and capturing info about the building system’s impact on human health.

  23. Excellent overall considerations. I’m looking forward to my commercial building search in the near future for some future plans for my business.

  24. Awesome and interesting article. Great things you’ve always shared with us. Thanks. Just continue composing this kind of post.

  25. This is a very thought provoking article. It makes me rethink a few things as a result of the pandemic and the health of a building and how it can affect our health so directly. Thanks.

  26. Building health is something that we have recently been focusing on with our clients. Thank you for the excellent article. Please keep them coming. We’re looking forward to seeing more great content.

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